וְאֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֥ישׁ אִ֛ישׁ כִּֽי־יְקַלֵּ֥ל אֱלֹהָ֖יו וְנָשָׂ֥א חֶטְאֽוֹ׃

And to the Israelite people speak thus: Anyone* who blasphemes God shall bear the guilt;

* Anyone See note at 17.3.

(The above rendering comes from the RJPS translation, an adaptation of the NJPS translation. Before accounting for this rendering, I will analyze the plain sense of the Hebrew term אִישׁ, by employing a situation-oriented construal as outlined in this introduction, pp. 11–16.)


The word אִישׁ is repeated in 20 biblical verses; many of them occur in Leviticus, as here. Such repetition אִישׁ אִישׁ imparts a “no exceptions” meaning to the situation that is being depicted, as I explained in my comment to Exod 36:4. For application to constructions like this one, see my comment to Lev 17:3.

Gender is not at issue in this passage. Women are not excluded from view by either grammar, referential gender assignment, or unspoken mores.


As for rendering into English, there is no warrant for a gendered rendering. The NJPS “Anyone who…” is appropriately gender neutral. A new footnote then addresses the intensified nuance (as discussed above), which cannot be expressed as elegantly in English as in Hebrew.